Search results for "blood brain barrier"
showing 7 items of 7 documents
Synergistic effects of neurons and astrocytes on the differentiation of brain capillary endothelial cells in culture
2003
Brain capillary endothelial cells form a functional barrier between blood and brain, based on the existence of tight junctions that limit paracellular permeability. Occludin is one of the major transmembrane proteins of tight junctions and its peripheral localization gives indication of tight junction formation. We previously reported that RBE4.B cells (brain capillary endothelial cells), cultured on collagen IV, synthesize occludin and correctly localize it at the cell periphery only when cocultured with neurons. In the present study, we describe a three-cell type-culture system that allowed us to analyze the combined effects of neurons and astrocytes on differentiation of brain capillary …
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy
2012
Summary Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is defined as a diffuse or multifocal cerebral dysfunction induced by the systemic response to the infection without clinical or laboratory evidence of direct brain infection. Its pathogenesis is multifactorial. SAE generally occurs early during severe sepsis and precedes multiple-organ failure. The most common clinical feature of SAE is the consciousness alteration which ranges from mildly reduced awareness to unresponsiveness and coma. Diagnosis of SAE is primarily clinical and depends on the exclusion of other possible causes of brain deterioration. Electroencephalography (EEG) is almost sensitive, but it is not specific for SAE. Computed To…
Treatment with Nicotine derived Nitrosamine Ketone NNK Causes Disruption of Blood Brain Barrier BBB and Microglia Activation in Mice
2022
4-Methylnitrosamino-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) is a nicotine metabolite produced within the tobacco plant, from combustion, and from metabolic breakdown. Cigarette Smoke (CS) continues to be a leading cause for decline of quality of life as well as deaths globally. While the link to poor health and eventually early death has been accepted for decades, it is increasingly recognized that smoking may contribute to a broad range of disorders. Epidemiologically, CS has been associated with neuroinflammation and several neurological disorders including Alzheimer’s disease, stroke, and multiple sclerosis. While direct links are not fully understood, studies in a humanized flow-based in vitro b…
Role of non-coding RNAs in age-related vascular cognitive impairment: An overview on diagnostic/prognostic value in Vascular Dementia and Vascular Pa…
2020
Age is the pivotal risk factor for different common medical conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer and dementia. Among age-related disorders, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, represent the leading causes of premature mortality strictly related to vascular ageing, a pathological condition characterized by endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis, hypertension, heart disease and stroke. These features negatively impact on the brain, owing to altered cerebral blood flow, neurovascular coupling and impaired endothelial permeability leading to cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs) as Vascular Dementia (VD) and Parkinsonism (VP). It is an increasing opinion that neurodegenerativ…
A Simple Method to Predict Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability of Drug- Like Compounds Using Classification Trees
2017
Background: To know the ability of a compound to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a challenging task; despite the numerous efforts realized to predict/measure BBB passage, they still have several drawbacks. Methods: The prediction of the permeability through the BBB is carried out using classification trees. A large data set of 497 compounds (recently published) is selected to develop the tree model. Results: The best model shows an accuracy higher than 87.6% for training set; the model was also validated using 10-fold cross-validation procedure and through a test set achieving accuracy values of 86.1% and 87.9%, correspondingly. We give a brief explanation, in structural terms, o…
Evaluation of the aptitude to cross the BBB of a new dopamine aminoacidic prodrug
2012
One of the most important factors limiting the development of new drugs for the CNS is the ability to cross the BBB which is a barrier that controls the entrance and exit of both endogenous and exogenous compounds. BBB expresses several transport systems that carry actively into the brain important nutrients (e.g. glucose and amino acids) and are able to import or export various xenobiotics including drugs and their metabolites. The content of active in the brain depends on the overall difference between the drug uptake and drug efflux processes [1]. Dopamine (DA) is a crucial neurotransmitter; its striatal depletion is responsible of clinical signs of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Owing to the…
Lipid Nanoparticles for Drug Targeting to the Brain
2012
In this chapter, the main production methods of lipid nanostructures such as solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers, and their application are described. In particular, we describe the strategies commonly used to obtain lipid nanoparticles to overcome the blood-brain barrier (BBB) for the treatment of several brain diseases. The use of these carriers as targeted drug delivery systems is associated with many advantages that include excellent storage stability, easy production without the use of any organic solvent, the possibility of steam sterilization and lyophilization, and large scale production. They exhibit good stability during long-term storage, consist of physio…